“kâ-pî-isi-kiskisiyân / The Way I Remember”
By Solomon Ratt
Published by University of Regina Press
Review by Shelley A. Leedahl
$25.95
ISBN 9-780889-779143
I went to school with a relative of educator, writer, storyteller and keeper of the Woods Cree language, Solomon Ratt, so when his memoir kâ-pî-isi-kiskisiyân / The Way I Remember became available for review, I requested it.
Blurbs from Buffy Sainte-Marie (“Sol is an international treasure …”) and Maria Campbell (“This is an important book …”) demonstrate that Ratt’s highly lauded for his work in restoring Woods Cree and preserving the traditional stories he heard near his home community “on the banks on the Churchill River just north of … Stanley Mission”. Ratt’s 340-page autobiography is uniquely and significantly presented in Cree th-dialect Standard Roman Orthography, syllabics and English. The cover features a photo of the smiling author, and this joviality’s evident in many of his autobiographical stories.
Between ages six and sixteen, Ratt was “Torn from his family” for ten months each year to attend All Saints Indian Student Residential School in Prince Albert, SK. The abuse that several thousands of residential school survivors endured has been documented via the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2007-2015), and the multi-generational legacy of being wrenched from one’s home has been the subject of several books, but Ratt’s story differs greatly. He writes: “I was not abused, and I did not lose my language. I still speak Cree because my parents spoke Cree to me when I would go home in the summer months.” Hallelujah that.
Home was a northern wonderland where his family lived off the land … berry picking, canoeing, building a cabin, fishing, snaring, “[fetching] moosemeat,” storytelling, and enjoying traditional foods like bannock. The author shares a brief letter—his first written from residential school:
“Dear Mom,
How are you? I am fine. School is fun but I am homesick a lot. Please send bannock.”
He writes that “Each letter ended with ‘please send bannock’”.
Possessing “full retention of his mother language” has made Ratt one of a few Cree language pioneers. He learned to read and write Cree in Contemporary standard spelling (SRO) through studies at Saskatchewan Indian Federated College. The Cree Syllabics system learned via Dr. Ahab Spence “rekindled his interest in traditional stories,” like the dozen that appear in the second half of this book. Oral stories were used to teach, ie: “The Shut-eye Dancers” teaches one to “Be wary when someone offers you a wondrous gift,” and the “Wisahkecahk and the Chickadees” teaches respect of sacred ceremony, and explains why foxes have white-tipped tails.
Ratt writes that if he forgets about the residential school children who were lost and killed, he will “not show them honour” and he “will lose [his] soul”. He admits that he “wandered about lost for a long time” too, but “walked away from alcohol and drugs” thirty years ago.
As for my former classmate, when I reached out to her, she didn’t remember me. She says she’s blocked most of her childhood, and this speaks volumes. It’s okay that I was forgotten. What’s important is that I remember her.
THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL BOOKSTORE OR FROM WWW.SKBOOKS.COM
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“nēhiyawēwin
awāsi-masinahikanis: A Little Plains Cree Book for Children: A Reference for
Teaching the Plains Cree Language”
Written by Patricia Deiter, Allen J. (A.J.) Felix and Elmer Ballantyne; Plains Cree Translations by Elmer Ballantyne, Inez Deiter, May Desnomie, Allen J. (A.J.) Felix and Joslyn Wuttunee
Published by YNWP
Review by Shelley A. Leedahl
$74.95
ISBN 978-1-77869-004-4
I recently reviewed awāsi-nēhiyawēwin masinahikanis: A Little Plains Cree Colouring Book—Plains Cree People, by Saskatchewan’s Patricia Deiter, Allen J. (A.J.) Felix, and Elmer Ballantyne. The colouring book complements the learned trio’s reference guide for teaching the Plains Cree language, nēhiyawēwin awāsi-masinahikanis—A Little Plains Cree Book for Children, which I have also now read and learned from. “Plains Cree is spoken in 43 First Nations communities in Saskatchewan alone,” and the authors hope is that they, “as Plains Cree people, will still have [their] language for [their] future generations”.
In her opening acknowledgements, Deiter (White Buffalo Woman)—a “non-fluent Plains Cree speaker” and English teacher—extends gratitude to the six Elders who “provided the majority of Plains Cree translations” for the reference guide, including her mother, Inez Deiter, “who provides ongoing support for [her daughter’s] efforts to restore the Cree language to our youth”.
The reference book follows the themes established in the Saskatchewan Curriculum Guide for Kindergarten to Grade 12 on Aboriginal Languages, with a focus on “Useful noun categories, phrases, and some basic rules for the Plains Cree language,” and an enhanced e-book edition’s also available. The writers encourage supplementing this resource book with “components of Cree language programs, including Plains Cree values and laws, the history of Plains Cree people and local history, as well as songs, games, dances, and arts and crafts”. Adding other teaching materials like flash cards makes learning even more fun for children, and it’s recommended. Repetition of words is highly important when a child’s learning vocabulary and phrases.
Though “The best path to fluency in the Plains Cree language is immersion,” the authors write that “learning one word, one phrase, and one sentence at a time is a good place to start” … as someone who has been studying Spanish since the mid-1980s, I agree!
The guide begins with instruction on the sound system. “The Plains Cree alphabet consists of 14 consonants and 7 vowels,” and among the vowels there are both short and long vowels, the latter indicated by a line (called a macron) over the letter, ie: nīpin (summer) and kōna (snow). It’s interesting to me that the months of the year are all described by a corresponding type of moon, ie: February is The Eagle Moon (mikisiwi-pīsim), June is The Hatching Moon (pāskāwihowi-pīsim), and October is The Migrating Moon (pimihāwi-pīsim).
As with the colouring book, information’s included on the extended kinship system of the Plains Cree, which is “an example of culture and language being intertwined”. Grandparents, for example, “are anyone your parents refer to as an aunt or uncle”.
The themes of the guide’s twenty-five lessons are wide-ranging. Lesson 7, for example, is “Morning Routine” (kīkisēpāw tahki pēyakwan ka-tōtamihk). Lesson 15 is titled “Let’s make soup,” (osihtātahk mihcimāpoy) and Lesson 20 is called ‘Picking Berries” (mawisowin). The final lesson is “The Future of Plains Cree” (tanisi ōma nika nehiyawewin), and one of the sample sentences is kisīhtonīnaw nēhiyāwēwin: (“We are holding on to our language.”) Well done.
THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL BOOKSTORE OR FROM WWW.SKBOOKS.COM
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“The School of the Haunted River"
by Colleen Gerwing
Published by Endless Sky Books
Review by Shelley A. Leedahl
$24.99
ISBN 978-1-989398-86-9
What a surprise. It’s poetic, actually. During my Saskatoon years, each time I’d launch a book, an affable but unassuming woman I knew only by sight would attend and we’d make minimal small talk while she had her copy signed. I moved. Several years passed. I never thought of her again.
Last week a newly-released autobiographical novel arrived in the mail. The School of the Haunted River concerns outdoorswoman Jay, who takes her college-aged niece, Dilly, on a two-week snowshoeing and camping trip in northern Saskatchewan. I flipped to the author bio and photo before beginning the novel, and there she was, Colleen Gerwing, the woman who’d attended all of my Saskatoon launches. I never even knew she was writing. And I certainly never knew she’d died in 2021; this sad fact made reading her fine stories-within-a-story even more bittersweet.
In her “real” life, Gerwing, I learned, grew up on a farm near Lake Lenore, SK, and her love of adventure was evident from childhood. In 1977 she hitchhiked to the National Outdoor Leadership School in Wyoming, and later worked for the Parks Service (mostly in Prince Albert National Park), ran Wilderness Trips for Women, and shared her zest for outdoor life via the Saskatoon Boys and Girls Club. Canoeing, snowshoeing, winter camping … these were her passions. Apparently documenting her adventures was a passion, too.
In this reflective novel—the author’s cover painting of a canoeist in the boreal forest demonstrates that Gerwing was also a talented artist—the snowshoeing trip provides the frame from which Joy shares stories about her earlier canoeing adventures during the grueling, solo, five-month canoe trip that was part of her Outdoor School experience. “̒I was dropped off by plane in a remote area,’” she begins, revealing that the earlier expedition was near where the aunt and niece are now snowshoeing.
Jay’s solo canoe expedition began at the Saskquatsch Annie River, northwest of La Ronge, and she was to travel in a circular route, ending at Silver Feather Lake. Packrider “Cowboy” dropped provisions along the route every few weeks. The first night, ice and snow still on the ground, Jay slept beneath her sleek canoe: “̒ … in my sleeping bag, I squirmed like a big grub in a cocoon under trillions of stars in trillions of galaxies with unfathomable empty space between. I was nothing. And that made me feel like everything.’”
All the wildlife encounters, weather woes, a “̒scourge of mosquitoes,’” portage and river challenges, and the hunger one would expect from an extended, solitary canoe journey are here, but it’s the revelations about self and humanity that raise this book to a higher level. Gerwing ingeniously weaves her engaging life-story into an adventure novel and fills it with life lessons and poetic gems, like “̒Sunrise is a wordless poem,’” “̒Gratitude is a moving target,’” and “̒I could’ve left, but somebody had to look for stars in the sky.’”
Thank you, Colleen Gerwing, for transporting us to your sanctuary. Rest well now.
THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL BOOKSTORE OR FROM WWW.SKBOOKS.COM
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"Cathedral of Stars: A Memoir of
Home & Faith on the Move”
Written by Gloria Engel
Published by YNWP
Review by Shelley A. Leedahl
$24.95
ISBN 978-1-988783-90-1
Cathedral of Stars: A Memoir of Home & Faith on the Move by SK-born Gloria Engel is utterly fascinating. The stories about her peripatetic life—and constant faith—as a linguist with Wycliffe Bible Translators and the Summer Institute of Linguistics is indeed hard to put down. The intrepid author asks and adeptly answers this question: “How can you find a sense of belonging in home and church when you’re constantly on the move?” Much of this global zinger of a book takes place in Guatemala, and Engel paints a colourful portrait of the family’s authentic experiences there.
Now in her eighties, the joy-filled wife, mother of four boys, linguist, writer and dancer (a verboten activity re: her strict Lutheran upbringing) experienced “forty-five changes of residence in five countries,” before settling in Biggar, SK. The anecdotes about her resourceful family and rural SK upbringing (no indoor plumbing; folks said her father “could hold machinery together with macaroni”) are compelling, but the Guatemalan accounts left me gasping.
First came linguistics training at the University of North Dakota. Orientation sessions took place in Mexico City, then it was on to Chiapas, Mexico. After twelve weeks of “jungle survival training” there—Engel was pregnant and had three young sons at the time—the writer, her husband (fellow linguist, Ted), and their sons (aged one to six), drove to Guatemala “to do Bible translation work with Mayan people of the Pokomchi language group,” and they remained in the highland town of San Cristóbal Verapaz for a decade.
Imagine being pregnant and navigating rapids in a dugout canoe: “We capsized, and our canoe went down the river without me, while I hung on to a protruding branch.” And that’s Main Base camp, where “several poisonous snakes were killed”. At Advance Base, her training included a “survival hike”. With machete in tow, hearty Engel “had to construct [her] own survival bed and build a campfire for warmth and protection”. Apart from the clothes on her back and a canteen, her “only equipment was a small food pack, a first-aid kit and a plastic sheet”. Even so, she says “it was a night of contentment and peace”.
The family also spent years in Guatemala City, and one riveting chapter concerns the 1974 Guatemala earthquake and Engel’s epiphany: “I felt as though Judgment Day had come, and God was there in his terrible beauty and justice. He seemed to be shaking and breaking the whole world, while cradling me gently in his hand”. Engel was also “roughed up” during a robbery.
Post-Guatemala and after eight years in Texas, the husband and wife team were then commissioned by two drastically different churches in Vancouver: one in the infamous Downtown Eastside, the other in the wealthy Shaughnessy neighbourhood.
Chapter after chapter, this author astounds with detailed stories about her family, and how hiking, orchid-hunting, reading, music and fellowship elevated their lives. Wherever life has taken Engel, she’s proven that “she’s got the joy, joy, joy, joy, down in her heart”.
THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL BOOKSTORE OR FROM WWW.SKBOOKS.COM
"Always Another River”
Written by Daryl Sexsmith
Published by YNWP
Review by Shelley A. Leedahl
$24.95
ISBN 978-1-77869-014-3
Prince Albert, SK-raised Darryl Sexmith is an avid canoe-tripper and former United Church minister who’s built his community—wherever he’s lived—around his passion for wilderness canoeing and the fellowship group canoe-tripping naturally inspires. Reading Always Another River, his well-written, chronologically-told collection of canoe stories—he’s completed over seventy-five trips and “hasn’t hung up his paddle yet”—stirred fond memories of my own canoeing experiences. It’s a Canadian thing, eh.
The nineteen chapters are mostly titled by location, and it’s evident that Sexsmith’s playground has predominantly been the rivers (and lakes) of northern Saskatchewan, but his lifetime of paddling expeditions also includes the far north. He’s a former executive director of Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society’s (CPAWS) Northwest Territories chapter, and in that role he canoed the South Nahanni and Mackenzie rivers to promote conservation. He also participated in the 2008 David Thompson Brigade, paddling six-person voyageur canoes from Alberta to Ontario “to commemorate Thompson’s historic trip of 1808,” a journey also heralded in 1967 with the Centennial Canoe Pageant. How interesting to read about the grueling paddling across Manitoba’s massive lakes (with high winds and just five-minute breaks every hour), group dynamics, and the receptions held in various communities, ie: in Cumberland House, schoolchildren canoed out to greet the contemporary voyageurs and a banquet of “beef stew and bannock” was enjoyed.
Sexsmith’s love of paddling began in 1981 with a short adventure on the Churchill River between Stanley Mission and Nistowiak Falls. The College of Commerce student (ministry came later) and his fellow paddlers “vowed around the campfire that this would be the first of a lifetime of trips”. That vow was kept, and more than forty years later, he’s still canoe-tripping with these longtime friends, and several others.
The writer employs a jocular tone. Of a fellow canoe-tripper, he says: “We were warned not to use big words with Bill since he was a kindergarten teacher.” Before an adventure on the Paull River, the group stopped at the Co-op in Air Ronge to buy fishing licences, because “for the last two decades they have given away free sunglasses with the purchase of a fishing licence”. Sexmith selected his “from a wide selection of 1970s styles”.
After studying theology at Queens—“My classmates always marvelled when I found theological insights in canoeing books, and my practice preaching often included reflections on the joys of canoe-tripping”—Sexsmith’s first United Church posting was in Hudson Bay, ideally “located at the junction of three rivers”. After paddling through the Clearwater River’s “big-ticket scenery,” he wrote: “One simply knew that God was real when travelling in the majesty of the Clearwater Valley”.
There’s classic Canadian shield camping, “with clean granite sloping gently into the water, making for a perfect swimming hole”. There are bears, caribou, muskox and moose. Wicked whitewater, appalling portages, and “[learning] the art of drinking water through a head net”.
Simply put, this book is great reading, and you’ll complete these stories knowing with certainty that nature is surely sacred.
THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE AT YOUR LOCAL BOOKSTORE OR FROM WWW.SKBOOKS.COM
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